In today’s digital landscape, security is of paramount importance. As applications and software systems evolve, so do the risks associated with vulnerabilities and threats. This is where Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tools come into play. SAST tools are designed to analyze the source code, bytecode, or binary code of an application for security vulnerabilities. They are an essential part of the software development lifecycle, ensuring that applications are fortified against potential security breaches.
In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the world of SAST tools, focusing on open-source solutions. We’ll discuss the significance of SAST, the various types available, and, most importantly, we’ll introduce you to the 18 best open source SAST tools. These tools can help you bolster the security of your software applications and enjoy the benefits of a more secure digital environment.
What Is SAST (Static Application Security Testing)?
SAST, which stands for Static Application Security Testing, is a white-box testing method designed to identify vulnerabilities and security issues within the source code of an application. It is a crucial aspect of the software development process, as it helps developers identify and rectify security flaws early in the development lifecycle. SAST tools scan the source code of an application without executing it, looking for issues such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and other common vulnerabilities.
Why Is SAST (Static Application Security Testing) Important?
The importance of SAST in today’s software development landscape cannot be overstated. Here are some key reasons why SAST is essential:
Proactive Security
SAST allows developers to identify and address security issues before they become critical vulnerabilities. This proactive approach to security reduces the risk of breaches and data leaks.
Early Issue Detection
By scanning the source code during development, SAST tools catch security issues at an early stage. This minimizes the cost and effort required to fix problems later in the development process.
Compliance
Many industries and organizations have specific security and compliance requirements. SAST tools help ensure that applications meet these standards, preventing potential legal and financial consequences.
Reduced Attack Surface
Identifying and eliminating vulnerabilities in the source code reduces an application’s attack surface, making it more resilient to threats and attacks.
Code Quality Improvement
SAST tools not only find security issues but also help improve the overall code quality, resulting in more reliable and maintainable software.
Types of SAST (Static Application Security Testing)
SAST tools come in various forms, each offering unique capabilities to suit different development environments. Here are some common types of SAST tools:
- Language-Specific SAST Tools: These tools are designed to analyze source code written in a specific programming language, such as Java, C++, or JavaScript.
- IDE-Integrated SAST Tools: Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tools provide real-time feedback to developers while they write code, helping them identify and fix security issues as they code.
- Cloud-Based SAST Services: Cloud-based services offer the convenience of on-demand scanning without the need to install and configure software locally.
- SAST for Mobile Apps: Some SAST tools are specialized for mobile application development, ensuring the security of mobile software.
- Enterprise SAST Solutions: Enterprise-grade SAST tools provide extensive features for large-scale software development teams and organizations.
- Open Source SAST Tools: Open source SAST tools are cost-effective solutions for security testing and are the focus of our discussion in this guide.
What Are Open Source SAST Tools?
Open source SAST tools are software solutions that allow developers and organizations to access, modify, and distribute the source code. These tools have gained popularity due to their cost-effectiveness, customizability, and active community support. Open source SAST tools empower organizations to secure their software applications without the constraints of proprietary software.
Now that we’ve explored the significance of SAST and the types available let’s dive into the heart of this guide – the 18 best open source SAST tools that can help you fortify your software applications against security vulnerabilities.
18 Best Open Source SAST Tools
- FindBugs
- PMD
- SonarQube
- Brakeman
- Bandit
- OWASP Dependency-Check
- RIPS
- HCL AppScan
- Yasca
- Fortify SCA
- Veracode
- ESLint
- Infer
- Checkmarx
- SourceMeter
- SonarLint
- Hakiri
- Semgrep
These open source SAST tools have earned their place as powerful and reliable solutions for identifying and mitigating security issues in software applications:
1. FindBugs
FindBugs is an open-source static analysis tool that stands as a robust asset among Open source SAST tools. It specializes in identifying potential vulnerabilities in Java code. By scanning both bytecode and source code, FindBugs provides comprehensive reports on issues and actionable recommendations for rectification.
Features:
- Identifies bugs, security issues, and coding mistakes.
- Integrates with various IDEs and build tools.
- Offers a wide range of detectors for different types of issues.
Pros:
- Easy to use and integrate into development workflows.
- Extensive community support and plugin ecosystem.
- Highly configurable to suit specific project needs.
Cons:
- Focused on Java code analysis.
- Limited support for other programming languages.
2. PMD
PMD is a versatile open source static source code analyzer, which finds its place among the reliable options in the domain of Open source SAST tools. It covers various programming languages, including Java, JavaScript, and XML. PMD focuses on code issues and coding style violations, helping developers ensure code quality.
Features:
- Supports multiple programming languages.
- Provides customizable rulesets for code analysis.
- Integrates with popular IDEs and build tools.
Pros:
- Versatile language support.
- Highly configurable with custom rules.
- Offers a clean and user-friendly interface.
Cons:
- Primarily focuses on code style and quality.
- Limited security-specific rules compared to dedicated security tools.
3. SonarQube
SonarQube is a prominent open source platform for continuous inspection of code quality and security. It supports multiple programming languages, marking its significance among Open source SAST tools. Offering comprehensive analysis, including security vulnerabilities, SonarQube integrates with CI/CD pipelines and development environments.
Features:
- Supports multiple languages and frameworks.
- Provides code quality, security, and maintainability metrics.
- Offers extensive security rules and analysis.
Pros:
- Comprehensive code quality and security assessment.
- Highly customizable for different project requirements.
- Integrates with popular CI/CD pipelines and IDEs.
Cons:
- Resource-intensive for large projects.
- Complex setup and configuration for detailed analysis.
4. Brakeman
Brakeman, tailored for Ruby on Rails applications, plays a crucial role in the landscape of Open source SAST tools. It identifies security vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, in Ruby on Rails code. With detailed reports and remediation guidance, it aids in securing web applications.
Features:
- Specialized for Ruby on Rails.
- Identifies common security vulnerabilities.
- Provides detailed reports with remediation guidance.
Pros:
- Focuses on Rails-specific security concerns.
- Easy integration into Ruby on Rails projects.
- Offers detailed explanations of vulnerabilities.
Cons:
- Limited to Ruby on Rails applications.
- May not cover broader Ruby code security.
5. Bandit
Bandit, a Python-focused open source security linter, is a valuable asset among Open source SAST tools. It scans Python source code to identify security issues, including hardcoded credentials and insecure code patterns. Its ease of use and actionable findings make it a preferred choice for Python security assessment.
Features:
- Specialized for Python.
- Detects common security issues and vulnerabilities.
- Integrates with various Python development environments.
Pros:
- Designed for Python security assessment.
- Simple and easy-to-use tool for developers.
- Provides clear and actionable findings.
Cons:
- Limited to Python code analysis.
- May not address more complex security issues.
6. OWASP Dependency-Check
The OWASP Dependency-Check is a noteworthy open source utility, adding to the arsenal of Open source SAST tools. It focuses on project dependencies and their security. By identifying known security vulnerabilities in dependencies, it ensures that applications are free from vulnerabilities arising from third-party components.
Features:
- Focuses on project dependencies.
- Identifies known security vulnerabilities.
- Supports multiple dependency formats.
Pros:
- Easy integration into the development process.
- Regular updates and extensive vulnerability database.
- Works with a variety of build and package management tools.
Cons:
- Limited to dependency analysis.
- May not address application-specific vulnerabilities.
7. RIPS
RIPS, specializing in PHP security analysis, secures its place as an essential player in the realm of Open source SAST tools. It scans PHP code to detect security vulnerabilities specific to PHP applications, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. Detailed analysis and guidance are its forte.
Features:
- Specialized for PHP.
- Detects PHP-specific security vulnerabilities.
- Provides detailed analysis and remediation guidance.
Pros:
- Tailored for PHP security assessment.
- Easy integration into PHP projects.
- Offers comprehensive insights into vulnerabilities.
Cons:
- Focused on PHP code analysis.
- It may not address security issues in other languages.
8. HCL AppScan
HCL AppScan, known for its dynamic application analysis capabilities, is a dynamic contender among Open source SAST tools. It focuses on identifying security vulnerabilities in web applications during runtime. Supporting various languages and frameworks, it provides insights into runtime application security.
Features:
- Focuses on dynamic application analysis.
- Identifies security vulnerabilities in web applications.
- Supports various languages and frameworks.
Pros:
- Provides runtime security assessment.
- Integrates with CI/CD pipelines.
- Offers detailed reports and remediation guidance.
Cons:
- It may not cover static code analysis.
- Limited to web application security testing.
9. Yasca
Yasca, a versatile open source static analysis tool, is a commendable member of the family of Open source SAST tools. Supporting multiple languages, Yasca offers extensible plugin architecture and identifies security vulnerabilities and coding issues. It is highly customizable and integrates seamlessly with CI/CD pipelines and build systems.
Features:
- Supports multiple programming languages.
- Offers extensible plugin architecture.
- Identifies security vulnerabilities and coding issues.
Pros:
- Versatile language support.
- Customizable through plugins.
- Integrates with CI/CD pipelines and builds systems.
Cons:
- Requires plugin customization for specific needs.
- Limited to the capabilities of installed plugins.
10. Fortify SCA
Fortify SCA is a comprehensive open source static code analysis tool, making its mark among Open source SAST tools. Supporting multiple languages, it excels in security analysis and offers detailed reports and recommendations for remediation. Its integrations with popular development environments enhance its appeal.
Features:
- Supports multiple programming languages.
- Offers comprehensive security analysis.
- Provides integration with development environments.
Pros:
- Extensive language support.
- In-depth security analysis and recommendations.
- Integrates with popular development tools.
Cons:
- May require advanced configuration for detailed analysis.
- Resource-intensive for large projects.
11. Veracode
Veracode, an open-source application security platform with static analysis capabilities, holds a strong position among Open source SAST tools. It provides a holistic approach with both static and dynamic analysis. Detecting security vulnerabilities and offering actionable insights, Veracode enhances the security of software applications.
Features:
- Offers static and dynamic analysis.
- Detects security vulnerabilities and flaws.
- Integrates with CI/CD pipelines and development environments.
Pros:
- Comprehensive application security assessment.
- Combines static and dynamic analysis for thorough evaluation.
- Offers actionable remediation guidance.
Cons:
- May require significant customization for specific project needs.
- Pricing may be a concern for smaller organizations.
12. ESLint
ESLint, specialises in JavaScript, secures its place among Open source SAST tools by focusing on code quality and security. While primarily addressing code quality, ESLint includes security rules to catch potential vulnerabilities in JavaScript code. Its integration with popular IDEs and build tools makes it a valuable tool for JavaScript security assessment.
Features:
- Specialized for JavaScript.
- Provides code quality and security rules.
- Integrates with popular IDEs and build tools.
Pros:
- Focuses on JavaScript security and code quality.
- Extensive customization and rule options.
- Integrates seamlessly into JavaScript development.
Cons:
- Limited to JavaScript code analysis.
- May require configuration for security-specific rules.
13. Infer
Infer, an open-source static analysis tool developed by Facebook, deserves recognition among Open source SAST tools. Specializing in C, C++, and Objective-C, it identifies common programming errors and security vulnerabilities. With actionable recommendations for issue resolution, Infer enhances the security of these programming languages.
Features:
- Specialized for C, C++, and Objective-C.
- Identifies common programming errors and security issues.
- Provides actionable insights for issue resolution.
Pros:
- Designed for C, C++, and Objective-C security assessment.
- Offers actionable recommendations for issue resolution.
- Open source and freely available.
Cons:
- Limited to the supported languages.
- It may not address security issues in other languages.
14. Checkmarx
Checkmarx, supporting various programming languages, establishes itself as a formidable player in the realm of Open source SAST tools. It offers comprehensive security analysis, including the detection of security vulnerabilities and coding issues. Integrating seamlessly with popular development environments, Checkmarx ensures code security.
Features:
- Supports various programming languages.
- Identifies security vulnerabilities and coding issues.
- Integrates with popular development environments.
Pros:
- Versatile language support.
- Extensive security analysis and recommendations.
- Integrates with popular development tools.
Cons:
- It may require advanced configuration for specific analysis.
- Licensing costs may apply to certain features.
15. SourceMeter
SourceMeter, supporting multiple programming languages, is a comprehensive open-source static analysis tool that excels in analyzing source code. Among Open source SAST tools, it offers insights into code quality, security, and maintainability. Its integration with various IDEs and build systems ensures a seamless analysis process.
Features:
- Supports multiple programming languages.
- Offers code quality and security analysis.
- Integrates with various IDEs and builds systems.
Pros:
- Extensive language support.
- Comprehensive code quality and security assessment.
- Integrates seamlessly into the development process.
Cons:
- May require customization for specific analysis needs.
- Learning curve for complex projects.
16. SonarLint
SonarLint, an open source static analysis tool that integrates with popular IDEs, is an integral part of Open source SAST tools. It identifies code quality and security issues in real-time, providing developers with immediate feedback and recommendations. Its seamless integration into the development workflow enhances code security.
Features:
- Integrates with various IDEs.
- Identifies code quality and security issues.
- Provides real-time feedback to developers.
Pros:
- Seamlessly integrated into the development workflow.
- Offers real-time feedback and recommendations.
- Supports various programming languages.
Cons:
- Limited to the capabilities of the integrated IDE.
- May not cover all security issues in detail.
17. Hakiri
Hakiri, specialized for Ruby on Rails applications, is a pivotal member among Open source SAST tools. It excels in identifying security vulnerabilities specific to the Ruby on Rails framework. With actionable insights and remediation guidance, Hakiri simplifies security analysis for Ruby on Rails projects.
Features:
- Specialized for Ruby on Rails.
- Detects common security vulnerabilities.
- Provides actionable insights and remediation guidance.
Pros:
- Focused on Ruby on Rails security assessment.
- Offers actionable recommendations for vulnerability resolution.
- Simplifies security analysis for Ruby on Rails projects.
Cons:
- Limited to Ruby on Rails applications.
- May not address broader Ruby code security issues.
18. Semgrep
Semgrep, supporting multiple programming languages, is a versatile open source static analysis tool that specializes in security and code quality. Offering extensive customization through rule creation, it empowers developers to tailor security analysis to specific project needs. Integrating with CI/CD pipelines and IDEs, Semgrep enhances code security and quality.
Features:
- Supports multiple programming languages.
- Provides code quality and security rules.
- Offers extensive customization for rule creation.
Pros:
- Versatile language support.
- Customizable rulesets for specific project needs.
- Integrates with CI/CD pipelines and IDEs.
Cons:
- It may require rule customization for targeted analysis.
- The learning curve for rule creation and customization.
These 18 open source SAST tools provide a diverse range of options for developers and organizations looking to enhance the security of their software applications. While each tool has its strengths and specialization, the common goal is to identify and mitigate security vulnerabilities in code, leading to more secure and robust applications.
How do you choose the best Open Source SAST (Static Application Security Testing) Tool?
Selecting the best open-source SAST tool for your software development needs is a critical decision. Here are key factors to consider when making your choice:
- Programming Language: Ensure that the tool supports the programming language used in your software projects.
- Integration: Consider how well the tool integrates with your development environment, including IDEs, build tools, and CI/CD pipelines.
- Security Rules: Evaluate the availability and comprehensiveness of security rules that the tool provides for detecting vulnerabilities.
- Community Support: Tools with active user communities tend to offer better support and updates, making them more reliable choices.
- Customization: Assess the tool’s ability to be customized to meet your specific project requirements.
- Ease of Use: Consider the tool’s user-friendliness and how well it fits into your development workflow.
- Cost: While open-source tools are generally cost-effective, consider any additional costs for customization, maintenance, or support.
- Scalability: Ensure the tool can scale with your organization’s growth and evolving security needs.
Conclusion
Open source SAST tools are invaluable assets in software development and security. By incorporating these tools into your development workflows, you can proactively identify and address security vulnerabilities, reduce the risk of breaches, and enhance the overall quality of your code. Whether you’re developing web applications, mobile apps, or desktop software, there’s a suitable open-source SAST tool that can help you secure your projects and protect your users’ data.
As the software landscape continues to evolve, security remains a top priority. Open source SAST tools provide an effective means of fortifying your software applications and ensuring that they stand strong against potential threats and vulnerabilities. By selecting the right tool for your projects and following best practices for security testing, you can bolster the security of your software and contribute to a safer digital environment for all.
